Online Science Olympiad Level 2 Classes for Grade 7

Syllabus

Nutrition in Plants and Animals

• Nutrition in plants and its types
• Autotrophic nutrition in plants
  • Experimental investigation
    • To test a leaf for starch
    • To show that light is necessary for photosynthesis
    • To show that rate of photosynthesis is affected by light
    • Chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis
    • Carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis
  • Synthesis of food other than carbohydrates by plants
• Heterotrophic nutrition
  • Heterotrophic nutrition in plants
  • Saprotrophs
• Replenishing nutrients in the soil
• Nutrition in amoeba, hydra and frog
• The human digestive system
  • a) Digestion in the mouth
  • Digestion in the stomach
  • Digestion in the small intestine
  • Absorption in the small intestine
  • Assimilation
  • Egestion
• Ruminants

Fibre to Fabric

• Climate and Clothes
• Natural fibres
  • Vegetable fibre
  • Animal fibre
• Wool
  • Types of wool
  • From hair to wool
    • Rearing
    • Shearing
    • Scouring
    • Sorting
    • Dyeing
    • Making yarns
• Silk
  • Life cycle of a silk moth
  • Sericulture
• Health conditions of workers in the wool and sericulture industry
  • Sorter’s disease
  • Respiratory disease
  • Scabies and other skin infections

Heat

• Heat as a form of energy and its units, joule(J) and calorie (cal)
• Temperature
  • Different units of Temperature (°C, °F, K)
  • Conversion from one scale to another
  • Measuring temperature
  • The laboratory thermometer
  • The clinical thermometer
• Effects of Heat
  • Change in temperature
  • Change in size (Expansion and contraction)
    • Expansion in liquids
    • Expansion in solids
    • Expansion in gases
    • Expansion around us
  • Change in state
  • Good conductors and bad conductors of heat and their examples
  • Choice of conductors and insulators in day to day life (Pan handles, metal cooking utensils etc.)
• Methods of Heat Transfer
  • Conduction
  • Convection
    • Convection in gases
    • Sea and land breezes
    • Application of convection
  • Radiation
    • Absorption of heat
    • Application of radiation
• Thermos Flask: (Application of heat transfer)
  • Construction
  • Working

Acid, Bases and Salts

• Acids
• Bases
• Salts
• Testing for acids and bases
  • Litmus
  • Turmeric powder
  • China rose petals
• Types of acids
  • Mineral and organic acid
  • Concentrated and dilute acid
• Properties of acids
  • Reaction with metals
  • Reaction with carbonates
  • Reaction with bases
• Uses of acids
  • Hydrochloric acid
  • Sulphuric acid
  • Nitric acid
• Types of bases
  • Strong and weak bases
• Properties of bases
  • Reaction with acids
• Uses of bases
  • Calcium hydroxide
  • Sodium hydroxide
  • Ammonium hydroxide
  • Other bases
• Preparation of salts
  • Reaction between an acid and a base
  • Reaction between an acid and a metal
  • Reaction between vegetable oil and caustic soda
  • Naming salts
• Properties of salts
• Uses of salts

Physical and Chemical Changes

• Physical and chemical changes
• Chemical change - formation of a new product with new properties
• Differentiating between physical and chemical change
• Classification as physical & chemical change
• Characteristics of chemical reactions
  • Evolution of a gas
  • Change of colour
  • Formation of precipitate
  • Change in energy
    • Endothermic reactions
    • Exothermic reactions
  • Change of state
• Types of chemical reactions
  • Combination reaction
  • Decomposition reaction
  • Single displacement reaction
  • Double displacement reaction
    • Precipitation reaction
    • Neutralisation reaction
  • Oxidation and reduction reactions
• Separating a solid from a solution
  • By evaporation
  • Crystallisation

Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

• Weather
  • Elements of weather
    • Temperature
    • Humidity and rainfall
    • Winds
  • Predicting the weather
• Climate
• Effect of the sun on climate
• Climate and adaptation
  • Adaptation of animals
  • Adaptations to cold climates
    • Polar bears
    • Penguins
    • Birds
    • Seals
  • Adaptation to hot climates-deserts
  • Adaptation to hot and wet climates-tropical rainforests

Winds, Storms and Cyclones

• Air pressure
  • Power of air pressure
  • Air exerts pressure in all directions
• High speed wind causes reduced pressure
• Air expands on heating
• Wind currents
  • Wind currents due to uneven heating between equator and poles
  • Wind currents due to uneven heating of land and water
• Thunderstorms, cyclones and tornadoes
• Cyclone forecasting and warning

Natural Resources and Their Conservation

• Our natural resources
  • From who do we get these natural resources: Lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere
• Renewable and non-renewable resources
• Water - a renewable resource
  • Shortage of water
  • States of water
  • Water cycle
  • Groundwater
    • Depletion of water table
  • Water conservation
• Forest wealth
  • Prevent floods and maintain the water table
  • Prevent soil erosion
  • Supply oxygen
  • Absorb carbon dioxide
  • Cool the air and increase rainfall
  • Provide food and shelter for wildlife
  • Forests products
• Plants also depend on animals
• Producers, consumers and decomposers
• Food chain
• Balance in nature
• Forest conservation
• Wastewater and sewage
• Importance of drainage and sanitation
• The sewage system
  • Sewage treatment
  • Wastewater treatment plant
• Better housekeeping practices
• Alternate methods for sewage disposal

Respiration in Organism

• Respiration in plants
  • Root respiration
• Respiration in animals
  • Through cell membrane or skin
  • Through air holes
  • Through gills
  • Through lungs
• The respiratory system in humans
  • Breathing in
  • To the lungs
  • In the lungs
  • How air enters the lungs
  • Cellular respiration
• Types of respiration
  • Aerobic respiration
  • Anaerobic respiration
• Difference between combustion and cellular respiration
• Difference between breathing and cellular respiration

Transportation in Plants and Animals

• Transportation of materials in plants: Vascular system, xylem, phloem, osmosis
  • Transportation of water and minerals
  • Transportation of food
• Transportation of materials in animals
  • Transportation in humans
    • The blood
    • The blood vessels
    • The heart
    • Plasma
    • Blood cells: Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
  • Heartbeat and pulse
• Excretion
  • Excretion in animals
  • Excretion in humans
  • Sweating

Reproduction in Plants

• Asexual reproduction in plants
  • Fragmentation
  • Budding
  • Spore formation
• Vegetative reproduction in plants
• Artificial methods of vegetative reproduction
  • Grafting
  • Cutting
  • Layering
  • Tissue culture
  • Advantages of vegetative reproduction
• Sexual reproduction
  • Sexual reproduction in plants
  • Pollination
    • Insect pollination
    • Wind pollination
  • Fertilization
  • Seed formation
  • Fruit formation
  • Dispersal of seeds
    • Wind
    • Water
    • Animals
    • Explosion of fruits
  • Germination of seeds

Motion and Time

• Measurement
• Standard units: metre, kilogram, second, kelvin
• Measurement of time
  • Simple pendulum
  • Sand clock and sundial
• Motion as a change in position of an object with respect to time
• Types of motion
  • Translatory
  • Circulatory
  • Oscillatory
  • Repetitive (Periodic and Non-Periodic)
  • Random
• Uniform and non-uniform motion: Concept of distance and speed (average speed)
• Weight
  • Concept
  • Differences between mass and weight
• Speed
• Distance-time graph for uniform motion

Electric Current and its Effect

• Electric current and electric circuits
  • Components of an electric current
    • The cell or battery
    • The switch
    • Appliance such as a bulb
    • Conducting wires
    • Resistors
  • Circuit diagram
• Electric current as a flow of charges
• Electric cell as source of electricity
• Resistors as components that oppose the flow of current
• Simple electric circuit - Series and Parallel
• Battery as a collection of cells connected in series
• Good and Bad conductors of electricity
• Potential difference
• Effects of electric current
  • Heating and lighting effect
  • The electric fuse is based on the heating effect of current
  • Magnetic effect
• Solenoid
• The electromagnet
  • Uses of electromagnet
    • The electric bell
  • Test for a magnet (by repulsion)

Light

• Rectilinear propagation of light
• Reflection of light: Definition and examples
• Terms related to reflection - Normal, plane, point of incidence, angle of incidence, angle of reflection
• Laws of Reflection
• Real and virtual images
• Plane mirror
  • Uses
  • Ray Diagram (no mention of virtual image)
  • Characteristics of the image formed (Lateral Inversion, same size, distance is preserved)
• Spherical mirrors: Concave mirror, Convex mirror
  • Principal focus
  • Image formed by a spherical mirror
  • Uses of spherical mirror
• Differences between images formed by plane, concave and convex mirror
• Speed of light (3 X 108 m/s)
• Primary colours (RGB)
• Formation of secondary colours by colour addition
• Appearance of colour of an object (Based on reflection and absorption)
• Colour subtraction
• Lenses
  • Terms related to lenses
  • Principal focus and focal length
  • Image formed by a lens
• The spectrum
  • Rainbow
  • Prism

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