| Section |
Topics Covered |
| Plants |
- Parts of plants: roots, stems, leaves, flowers – functions, uses, and modifications
- Roots: kinds, functions, and examples
- Shoots and functions ofthe stem
- Structure of a leaf
- Functions of the leaf: photosynthesis and transpiration (simple explanation)
- Iodine test for starch in leaves
- Plant products: food items, wood, coir, rubber, fibres
- Pollination and seed dispersal
- Factors affecting plant growth: temperature, water, light
- Benefits of plants
- Adaptation in plants and its need
- Adaptations in plants on land, in water, in deserts, and in hilly areas with examples
|
| Animals |
- Classification: mammals, reptiles, birds, insects, aquatic animals
- Animal behaviour: aestivation, hibernation, living in herds and groups, human interaction
- Animals that give birth and animals that lay eggs
- Animals with an internal skeleton and muscles
- Adaptation in animals and its need
- Adaptations on land and in water
- Modification of body parts in herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores
|
| Food and Digestion |
- Nutrients: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, water
- Balanced diet, cooking, and food preservation
- Types of teeth, structure, and functions
- Diagram and labelling ofthe tooth; number of teeth in infants and adults
- Care of teeth and gums; causes and prevention of cavities
- Microbes: bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi (including useful microbes)
- Importance of dental care and regular check-ups
- Role of food in healthy teeth and gums
- Digestive system organs and their functions
- Importance of chewing, water intake, and regular bowel movement
- Excretory system organs and functions
- Healthy habits for digestion and excretion
|
| Clothing |
- Materials: natural and synthetic fibres
- Clothes according to the weather and the type of work
- Care of clothes
|
| Matter and Materials |
- Definition of matter and its composition
- States and forms of matter: solid, liquid, gas
- Solvent, solute, and solution with examples
- Soluble and insoluble substances (in water and oil)
- Methods of separation: sedimentation, decantation, filtration, evaporation
- Change of state
- Materials used in construction and their properties (hard, soft, shiny, rough)
- Changes in materials on heating and cooling
- Soundproof materials
|
| Force, Work, and Energy |
- Push and pull: meaning and examples
- Force: meaning and effects (change in shape and direction)
- Types of forces: muscular, gravitational, magnetic, frictional
- Simple machines: lever, pulley, inclined plane
- Forms of energy: heat, light, electrical, motion, sound
- Friction: meaning, uses, harmful effects, and reduction methods
|
| Our Environment |
- Natural sources of water, potable water, and water-borne diseases
- Water cycle: evaporation, condensation, fog, dew, smog
- Water purification and safe storage
- Natural resources: renewable and non-renewable; conservation
- Pollution: air, water, and soil pollution and their effects
- Acid rain
- Properties and composition of air
- Breathing and burning processes
- Causes of air pollution and preventive measures
|
| Earth and Universe |
- Stars
- Solar system: sun, planets, dwarf planets
- Earth and its movements (rotation and revolution)
- Effects of Earth’s movement
- Day and night
- Seasons
- The poles and the equator
|
