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Section
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Topics Covered
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Plants and Animals
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- Living and non-living things: examples, features, and differences
- Parts of plants: root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit – structure and functions
- Structure and kinds of seeds
- Functions of leaves: photosynthesis, seasonal shedding, usefulness, and natural manure preparation
- Germination: process and requirements (water, air, warmth)
- Types of plants: herbs, shrubs, trees, climbers, with examples
- Plant parts used as food: leaves, roots, fruits, seeds, flowers
- Plant products: oils, spices, pulses, medicinal leaves, and seeds
- Animals: food and homes
- Feeding habits and food chain
- Types of animals: similarities, differences, habitats, crawling animals, flyers, insects
- Common insects: ants, beetles, bees, flies, mosquitoes, butterflies
- Body parts of insects: head, thorax, abdomen, legs, wings
- Life cycle of a butterfly
- Social insects (ants, bees)
- Harmful insects and remedies
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Birds
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- Common and local birds
- Classification based on beaks, nests, sounds, and claws
- How birds fly
- Food habits of birds
- Nests of birds (weaver, tailor, woodpecker)
- Interesting facts: eggs, sounds, habitat
- Bird bath and care for animals
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Food
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- Sources of food: Plants and animals
- Food pyramid
- Balanced diet and nutrients, and their importance
- Importance of food for different age groups
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Housing and Clothing
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- Features of a good and clean house
- Fibres: natural, plant, animal, and man-made fibres
- Clothes according to seasons
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Transport and Communication
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- Parts of a vehicle
- Force and motion: push and pull in daily life
- Inventions in science and technology related to communication
- Fuel and its uses
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Human Body
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- Internal organs: structure, location, and functions
- External organs
- Respiratory system: nose, windpipe, lungs, and breathing process
- Diagram and labelling of the respiratory system
- Deep breathing process
- Working model of the respiratory system
- Body composition and organ systems
- Skeletal, muscular, digestive, breathing, circulatory, nervous, excretory, and reproductive systems
- Air pollution: causes and problems
- Sense organs
- Diseases and symptoms
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Earth and Universe
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- Space objects: comets, meteors, asteroids
- Global warming and its effects
- Earth: shape, rotation, revolution, magnetism
- Heavenly bodies
- The sun and its family
- Moon: phases and surface
- Stars and constellations
- Why do planets appear bright
- Conditions that make life possible on Earth
- Formation of day and night
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Matter and Material
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- Forms of matter: solids, liquids, gases
- Properties and examples of each
- Uses of matter
- Change of state
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Light, Sound, and Force
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- Luminous and non-luminous objects
- Shadows and the length of the shadow
- Sound and noise
- Types of force: frictional, gravitational, muscular
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Our Environment
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- Importance of rain and rainwater harvesting
- Forms of water: condensation and evaporation
- Water purification and the water cycle
- Seasons and weather types
- Water impurities and causes
- Composition of air
- Physical properties of water
- Water solutions: effect of stirring and heating
- Soluble and insoluble substances
- Floating and sinking objects
- Soil formation, layers, and uses
- Components of soil
- Types of soil: sandy, clayey, loam
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